EU Cybersecurity Law in 2026: NIS 2, DORA and the Cyber Resilience Act Redefine Corporate Liability
2026 Is Not Regulatory Inflation – It Is Structural Change. In 2026, European cybersecurity law reaches a structural turning point. The adoption and implementation of three major instruments fundamentally reshapes the legal framework governing cybersecurity risk management in the European Union : Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS 2 Directive) Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (Digital Operational Resilience Act – […]
Building a restructuring plan while “forgetting” 98% of your liabilities: a bold strategy that often ends in liquidation.
In judicial reorganization and restructuring proceedings, pressure creates temptation. The temptation to present the most attractive plan possible.The temptation to showcase optimism rather than risk.The temptation to design a financial narrative that convinces even if it selectively ignores reality. That is exactly what happened in the Marne et Finance case. The numbers that changed everything […]
Claude AI launches its Legal Pack, is this the end of LegalTech AI… and junior lawyers?
At first glance, the announcement feels disruptive.Anthropic is no longer positioning Claude as a general-purpose AI, but as a tool designed to operate directly within legal workflows. Contract review.NDA triage.Compliance workflows.Contextual legal briefings.Standardized responses to recurring legal requests. These are not marginal use cases.They sit at the very core of in-house legal operations. Naturally, one […]
Claiming €50,000 and ending up paying it: when contract law turns into a financial boomerang
On paper, it looked like a flawless move.A buyer missed the closing deadline.A €50,000 penalty clause ready to be enforced.A seller confident in having the upper hand. The outcome?The French Supreme Court ultimately confirmed that those same sellers had to pay €50,000 to the buyer. The mistake was not contractual.It was strategic. They confused a […]
Recording is not “receiving”. The GDPR misconception that can quietly break the compliance strategy
When are personal data collected directly from the data subject, and when are they obtained indirectly? This distinction is not semantic. It determines which transparency regime applies under the GDPR and therefore whether a processing operation is lawful from the outset. In a landmark ruling of 18 December 2025 (CJEU, Case C‑422/24), the Court of […]
Executive Departure: Taking memories is human, but keeping corporate archives is a legal fault
This is a subject that concerns nearly every executive, regardless of company size. I have personally witnessed these tensions throughout my career: that critical moment when a departure turns into a standoff over the company’s “memory.” By a ruling on November 26, 2025, the Commercial Chamber of the French Supreme Court (Cour de cassation) confirmed […]
24 million customer contracts exposed, €42 million in fines ; the CNIL’s sanctions Free
On January 8, 2026, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL), through its restricted committee, issued two separate sanction decisions against Free Mobile and Free, imposing administrative fines of €27 million and €15 million respectively. Beyond the headline figure of €42 million, these decisions deserve closer attention from legal and compliance leaders. The CNIL did not […]
Share Buybacks: The French Council of State Sanctifies the Capital Gains Tax Regime (SERCOM Ruling)
In a landmark decision rendered on October 15, 2025 (No. 495120), the French Council of State (Conseil d’État) definitively clarified the tax treatment of share buybacks followed by cancellation. From now on, the capital gains tax regime applies by right, regardless of the underlying business motives or the methods of financing. 1. Key Takeaways: […]
Why the French Competition Authority has just placed your customer interfaces under close scrutiny
On January 9, 2026, the French Competition Authority put the final piece in a regulatory puzzle it began assembling two years ago. By launching an ex officio opinion procedure, it is now targeting the “last mile” of AI: conversational agents. Behind this initiative, there is neither technological fascination nor a communication stunt. It reflects […]
Business Leaders: an irregular remuneration alone may be sufficient to constitute a management fault
The facts of this case are straightforward, and that is precisely what makes it dangerous. 🔎 Commercial Chamber of the French Supreme Court (Cour de cassation), 5 November 2025 (No. 24-18.359) 🔹 The facts, as strictly established by the decision 1️ A sole shareholder creates an EURL (single-member limited liability company) and acts as its […]