Commercial relationships: when a partner depends on you… every decision becomes a legal risk
When I worked as in-house counsel, I saw the same scenario far too often:a commercial team proud of having “secured” a strategic partner, a procurement department satisfied with having negotiated “exceptional terms,” a management team convinced that the contract fully protected them.Then, months later, the shock: a claim, a summons, or a formal notice.The same […]
AI in e-commerce: when it chooses for us… who bears the responsibility?
AI has slipped into every stage of the purchasing journey: instant recommendations, intelligent filters, automated comparison tools, conversational engines…And with the arrival of Atlas, OpenAI’s browser capable of observing, remembering, and suggesting, the line between assistance and automated decision-making is thinner than ever. But one essential question remains:👉 When an AI influences a consumer’s choices, […]
LLC, Holding, Corporation… No matter the structure, when there’s mismanagement, the wall hits just as hard
Throughout my career, I’ve often heard the same confident statement: “I’m protected. I have a holding company, my liability is limited.”. In reality and jurisprudence prove otherwise. A recent ruling by the French Supreme Court (Commercial Chamber, Oct. 1, 2025, No. 23-12.234) serves as a powerful reminder. 💼 The case: a CEO ordered to personally […]
45% of answers are wrong: the study proving that AI hasn’t (yet) learned rigor
📊 A study that cools the hypeA large-scale analysis conducted by the BBC, the European Broadcasting Union, and several European public media outlets has revealed a troubling fact: nearly one out of every two answers generated by large language models (LLMs) — ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, Perplexity — contains a significant error. Out of 3,000 answers tested […]
Criminal Liability of Company Directors: When the Role Alone Is Enough to Establish Fault
A few years ago, I handled the case of a branch manager from one of my subsidiaries who found himself standing before a criminal court.No prison sentence, but a conviction nonetheless.A familiar scenario: poorly completed subcontracting contracts, insufficient compliance checks, and a subcontractor employing undeclared foreign workers.What was often described to me as “something that […]
Hidden cameras, secret microphones… The CNIL reminds us: workplace surveillance is never a free-for-all
In September 2025, France’s Data Protection Authority (CNIL) fined La Samaritaine €100,000 (Deliberation SAN-2025-008) for installing cameras disguised as smoke detectors, equipped with microphones, inside employee storage areas.The stated goal: identify those responsible for internal theft.The result: a series of GDPR violations. ⚖️ The facts and the line that was crossed Five cameras. Audio recording. […]
Caution: information exchanges between competitors are never harmless
In informal discussions, I often hear the same line: “It was just a casual chat, nothing confidential just to get a sense of the market, of prices. Everyone knows everyone anyway.” Yet such exchanges can have serious consequences and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is unequivocal on the matter. 📅 […]
Artificial intelligence is no excuse for negligence: Deloitte’s €247,000 lesson
⚖️ Productivity or rigor? AI just reminded Deloitte that the law doesn’t hallucinate. The Australian government commissioned Deloitte to audit a social welfare program.Contract amount: €247,000.Objective: to identify flaws in a system accused of unfairly penalizing job seekers. But in September 2025, authorities discovered that the report delivered by Deloitte contained… sources fabricated by […]
Payment Order Procedure: The French Supreme Court Finally Clarifies the Scope of Article 750-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure
A long-awaited ruling has just resolved a procedural uncertainty that, since 2019, has divided practitioners and courts over whether mandatory pre-litigation mediation applies to special debt recovery procedures. 📜 A Misunderstood Conciliation Requirement Article 750-1 of the French Code of Civil Procedure, introduced by Decree No. 2019-1333 of December 11, 2019, requires parties, before referring […]
An AI Appointed Minister of Public Procurement: Progress Against Corruption or a Threat to the Rule of Law?
France is accelerating the digitalization of public administration — automation of procedures, growing use of AI in administrative decision-making, and ongoing debates about algorithmic governance.But in Tirana, Albania just crossed a line no other state had before: on September 11, 2025, the Albanian government appointed an artificial intelligence named “Diella” as Minister of Public Procurement. […]